Latin+American+1914+-+Present

Chapter 32 - Notes on Political, Social, and Economic Changes - General Augusto Pinochet (Chile) --> Took power from radical leftist Salvador Allende --> Ruled with an iron fist --> Authoritarian and fascist - Latin America --> Similar to Africa/Asia (in that it is a third world continent) --> But had western style govts, high economic potential, and ties to the West --> Economy dependent on world demand - Decolonization --> economic freedom --> cultural and political identity --> More industrial + new middle class - Brazil + Argentina ruled by populists --> Argentina tries to assert its validity as a nation during Falkan War - Mexico --> Party of the Industrialized Revolution --> Some stability, but corruption --> NAFTA promises economic prosperity --> but growing social divides - Guatemala - US (CIA) intervention; overthrown leftist dictator --> Leads to violence and corruption in the country - Cuba --> had interests in the United States - Fulgencio (1952) backed by US ---> Fidel Castro (revolutionary + Che Guevara) (Marxist and Leninist - foreign companies expelled from Cuba, collectivization, centralized social economic system, break with US, Soviet backing) - Latin America has long history of military coups - But recently, more democratic trend (countries like Brazil have 'working' democracies) - Continued US intervention (Good Neighbor Policy - Roosevelt) - Continued marginalization of the indigenous populations - Women gain rights over long, extended period of time - Urbanization across the board (Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires) - in many cases, too fast (population pressure / no jobs --> shantytowns) - Cultural developments (Sama, Salso, Tango, Catholicism, social artistic criticism) - Mirrored rest of the world in that it struggled with adopting new Western cultural customs vs. conservatism

Change Analysis Chart: Changes and continuity in Latin America politics, economics, and society in the 20th century. Key Changes ||  Basic Features at the End of the Period (2000)  ||  Causes and effects  || Govt. involvement in the economy (industry and agriculture) ||  - Based on exports of raw goods (dependent on former colonies as a market) - Freeish Market Economies ||  - Exported goods stayed the same (coffee, sugar, fruits)  ||  - Export economies - Nationalized Economies (Cuba, Venezuela) + but also free market (Brazil, Mexico, etc.) ||   || - ||^   ||^   ||  Characteristics of Latin American govts. (general) ||  - Failed attempts at democracy - Political fragmentation (still no stong centralized govts.) ||  - Influenced by foriegn nations (former colonial overlords + the United States) - Mad revolutions in Cuba, Mexico, Bolivia, Argentina, + all the others ||  - Some democratic attempts - Strong authoritarian and centralized regimes (but still unstable) || ||  - Influence of communism (fi    ||^   ||^   ||
 * Theme ||  Basic features at beginning of period (1900)  ||  Key Continuities
 * Economic
 * ^  ||^   ||  - Further decolonized govts.
 * Politics
 * ^  ||^   ||   - Influenced by American intervention (Guatemala, Cuba)
 * Society ||   ||   ||   ||   ||