Model+UN

The United Nations - "an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace." - Wikipedia

- founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations ---> 77 founding members; now there are 192 members - The UN headquarters in New York City officially opened on January 9, 1951.
 * History:**

__Peacekeeping Efforts__

[|][|Palestine][|] || =====From 1920 to 1947, Palestinians and Jews had been clashing in British governed Palestine. In 1947, Britain asked the UN to take over. ===== || =====UN set up a special committee and agreed that a separate Jewish state should be created. Arab nations made their anger known but such was sympathy for Jews post-1945, that Israel was created lead by Ben Gurion. ===== || =====The creation of Israel lead to war in 1948 when the Arab nations surrounding Israel attacked her. UN arranged for a 4 week truce but it did not last. The UN did get a longer lasting truce but could not get the involved nations to sign a peace treaty. ===== || [|Korea] || =====North Korea suddenly attacked South Korea. ===== || =====Condemned by UN and a military force created to push North Korea out of the South. ===== || =====The UN force attacked Northern forces but its action provoked a response from China. Stalemate by 1953 when ceasefire signed. Still in force today. ===== || (Rhodesia) || =====1966, a minority white government declared UDI from Britain. Black majority prevented from having voting rights. ===== || =====Security Council condemned Rhodesia and imposed economic sanctions. ===== || =====UN sanctions failed to work as the then apartheid South Africa supplied Rhodesia. 1980 white rule overthrown by 'Patriotic Front'. ===== || Table courtesy of []
 * =====Date ===== || Country || Problem || United Nations response || Outcome ||
 * 1946 || Iran || =====Iran complained to UN that USSR troops stationed there since the war, were interfering with internal Iranian matters. ===== || =====Due to complexities of Cold War, UN did nothing. ===== || =====Iranians and USSR sorted the issue out for themselves. May 1946, USSR withdrew its troops from Iran. ===== ||
 * 1946- 48 || Greece || =====Greek Communists attacked the government in an attempt to overthrow it. ===== || =====UN investigated Greek complaint that several communist Balkan states were assisting Greek communists. UN Special Committee set up. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN failed to stop fighting in Greece. This only ended in 1949 when the Yugoslavs stopped sending weapons to the Greek communists. ===== ||
 * 1947 || Kashmir || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Who owns Kashmir? A dispute between India and Pakistan. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Security Council arranged a ceasefire between the two and monitored the situation. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Ceasefire kept for 16 years but UN failed to persuade either side to withdraw military forces from Kashmir. ===== ||
 * 1947- 49 || Indonesia || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Indonesia declared itself independent of Dutch rule. Dutch sent in troops to sort out a 'domestic matter'. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">1947, the Security Council ordered a ceasefire between the two. Both agreed to this. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">The UN sponsored Indonesia's call for independence. 1949, Dutch agreed to this. ===== ||
 * 1947- 49 || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">﻿ =====
 * 1950-53 || [|]
 * 1956 || [|Hungary] || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">USSR sent troops into Hungary - part of the Warsaw Pact. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Security Council called on USSR to withdraw. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">USSR vetoed Security Council resolution. UN powerless to do more. ===== ||
 * 1956 || [|Suez]/Sinia || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">War between Egypt and Israel. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Security Council ordered Israel to withdraw from Egypt. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">GB and France vetoed this. This issue was then handled by the General Assembly. The UNEF was established which remained on the border until 1967. ===== ||
 * 1958 || Lebanon || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Anti-government rebellion in Lebanon. Government claim it was funded and orchestrated by Syria. Asked United Nations for help. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN created 100-man team to monitor border activities. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Team monitored border for 6 months. Reported little activity. Lebanon accepted this UN report. UN left December 1958. ===== ||
 * 1960- 64 || [|Congo] || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">1960 Belgium granted the Congo its independence. The Congo army mutinied against its white officers and 100,000 Belgium's living in the Congo were seen as being at risk. Belgium sent its own troops in. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">The Congo's government called on the UN for help. 10,000 UN troops sent to the Congo. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN managed to get stability in Congo by 1964. But France and USSR angered at role of UN and many felt that Dag Hammarskjöld, UN Secretary-General, had exceeded his authority. ===== ||
 * 1962 || Indonesia || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Ownership issue: who owned West Irian? Indonesia or Dutch? ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN persuaded Dutch to transfer West Irian to Indonesia. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN took care of West Irian for 7 months in lead up to a smooth transfer to Indonesia. ===== ||
 * 1962 || Yemen || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Civil War. Saudi Arabia backed the Royalists and Egypt the Republicans. Royalists appealed to United Nations for help. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN not involved as Egypt and Saudis agreed to leave Yemen. UN monitored both nations withdrawal from the country. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN stayed in Yemen until September 1964. It then withdrew. ===== ||
 * 1963 || Cyprus || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Cyprus gained independence from GB in 1960. Civil war between Greek and Turks on the island. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">6000 man force sent to Cyprus by UN to act as a buffer between both sides ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN force kept peace for 10 years but violence occurred in 1974 ===== ||
 * 1965-66 || Dominican Republic || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Civil war after the overthrow of the president in 1965. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN sent observers to monitor the situation. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN stayed until 1966 when withdrawn. Peace keeping done by OAS.* ===== ||
 * 1966- 80 || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%; text-align: center;">Zimbabwe
 * 1967-2002 || Kashmir || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Who owns Kashmir? A dispute between [|India] and Pakistan. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN set up a monitoring body and ordered both nations back to the 1947 ceasefire line. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Both agreed to peace talks in USSR and UN supervised a withdrawal to 1947 line. But renewed violence in 2002. made worse as both nations possess nuclear weapons. UN no success to date. ===== ||
 * 1967 || [|Middle East] || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Israel launched strikes against Arab nations leading to 6' Day War'. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Security Council called for ceasefire and drew up Resolution 242. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Resolution 242 was signed by all involved in the war but the Arabs and Israelis interpreted it differently. UN did succeed in getting an exchange of prisoners. ===== ||
 * 1973 || [|Middle East] || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Egypt attacked Israel on Yom Kippur starting another Middle East war. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN passed Resolution 338. Called for peace and for talks to be based on Resolution 242. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN conference - to search for peace - called in Geneva but achieved nothing. A 7,000 UN force was established between Israel and Egypt after [|USA] pressure. In 1977, UN openly criticised Israel for creating settlements in occupied territories. ===== ||
 * 1974 || Cyprus || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Greek Cypriots tried to unite Cyprus to Greece. Turk Cypriots seized northern Cyprus in response. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN arranged for a cease fire. UN set up bases along the island's dividing line. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">2,500 UN troops guard this line to date. Peace maintained since 1974. ===== ||
 * 1975 || East Timor || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">East Timor occupied by Indonesia and declared it part of Indonesia. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN called on Indonesia to withdraw but could not enforce its resolution. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Many examples of human rights violations by Indonesia in East Timor. UN could do nothing. But international pressure lead to East Timor becoming an independent state in 2002. ===== ||
 * 1979-88 || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">[|Afghanistan] ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">USSR invaded and occupied. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Security Council called on USSR to withdraw. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">USSR vetoed Security Council resolution. UN unable to do anything. ===== ||
 * 1980-88 || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Iraq v Iran ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Long running dispute between the two ended with Iraq invading Iran. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Security Council resolution called for a ceasefire between the two. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Resolution ignored. War continued for 8 years. UN supervised a ceasefire in 1988. ===== ||
 * 1982-85 || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Lebanon ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Israel invaded Lebanon to drive out PLO. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN organised the PLO's leaving of Beirut. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN could not stop Beirut from descending into civil war but maintained men in southern Lebanon - on Israeli border. ===== ||
 * 1982 || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Falkland Islands ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Argentina invaded and occupied Falklands - British territory. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Security Council demanded that Argentina withdrew it forces. Ignored. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">Britain retook the islands by force. ===== ||
 * 1989 || Namibia || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">South Africa illegally possessed Namibia. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">UN persuaded South Africa, Angola and Cuba to accept UN supervised elections prior to independence. ===== || =====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">In 1989, UN forces arrived to supervise lead up to independence. But Un could not stop violence that left 2,000 dead. Namibia became independent in 1990. ===== ||

- Five principal organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the Secretariat, and the International Court of Justice. - Security council includes 5 permanent member states: France, the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States - financed by voluntary contributions by member states
 * Structure/Organization:**


 * Top 10 donators to the UN budget, 2009**
 * ** [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png width="22" height="12"]] [|United States]** || 22.00% ||
 * ** [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png width="22" height="15"]] [|Japan]** || 16.624% ||
 * ** [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png width="22" height="13"]] [|Germany]** || 8.577% ||
 * ** [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png width="22" height="11"]] [|United Kingdom]** || 6.642% ||
 * ** [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png width="22" height="15"]] [|France]** || 6.301% ||
 * ** [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png width="22" height="15"]] [|Italy]** || 5.079% ||
 * ** [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png width="22" height="11"]] [|Canada]** || 2.977% ||
 * ** [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png width="22" height="15"]] [|Spain]** || 2.968% ||
 * ** [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png width="22" height="15"]] [|China]** || 2.667% ||
 * ** [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png width="22" height="13"]] [|Mexico]** || 2.257% ||
 * **Other member states** || 23.908% ||

Millennium Development Goals 1.) eradicate extreme poverty and [|hunger]; 2.) achieve universal [|primary education]; 3.) promote [|gender equality] and empower women; 4.) reduce [|child mortality]; 5.) improve [|maternal health]; 6.) combat HIV/[|AIDS], [|malaria], and other [|diseases]; 7.) ensure environmental [|sustainability]; and 8.) develop a global partnership for [|development].
 * Goals and Objectives for the 21st century:**

Sources: [], [], [], []

Honduras

media type="custom" key="8083176"


 * <span class="sc_nm">GDP per capita :<span class="li_col0">$3,700
 * <span class="sc_nm">Labor Force :<span class="li_col0">2.892 million
 * <span class="sc_nm">External Debt :<span class="li_col0">$3.602 billion
 * <span class="sc_nm">Public Debt :<span class="li_col0">21% of GDP

<span class="li_col0">

- El Salvador, Guatemala, y Nicaragua || Surrounded by nations that are semi-unstable political countries --> Honduras govt. may be unstable ( **2009 Honduran coup d'état**) || - Does not have a robust IT sector || - Espanol || Can appeal to help from other Spanish speaking countries? || Per capita: $3700 || - Relatively poor country by North American standards (comparable to other Central American nations) || food/waterbourne: bacterial, Hep. A, typhoid fever vectorbourne: dengue fever + malaria water contact: leptospires || Aids = not only major health concern in Honduras (other food/waterbourne diseases || Also, could result in logistical problems for NGOs and organizations wanting to help treat and prevent AIDS || Density: 64 people / km^2 HDI: 604 (106th) || Part of 3rd world / developed world ||
 * Your Country: Honduras || What are the FACTS? || What does it MEAN? ||
 * 1. Where is your country located? What are some of the countries that surround it? || - Central America
 * What are your country’s major industries? || - sugar, coffee, wood products || Exports raw materials
 * How many languages are spoken in your country and what are they? || - 1 language
 * What is the form of government? || Democratic Constitutional Republic || -Allows people to elect their leaders --> can supply popular pressure to increase aids funding ||
 * Does our country give or receive foreign aid? If yes how much? || US recently decided to cut non-humanitarian aid from Honduras (2009) || - Needs international community to contribute to humanitarian causes ||
 * What is your country’s per capita GDP? || Total: $33,371 billion
 * What percentage is literate? || Adult literacy rate: 83% || Most adults are able to read ---> modest levels of education ||
 * How many people have access to clan water? || % of the population using improved drinking water sources: 84% || Marginal amount of Hondurans don't have access to clean drinking water --> diseases ||
 * What are the major infectious diseases? || disease risk: high
 * What are the current environmental risks facing your country? || COP15 determined Honduras suffers the worst of any nation from climate change storms. || Poses hazards to health and safety of Hondurans
 * Other Important details? || Population 2010 estimated: 8,249,574


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; background-position: 0px 5px; color: #000000; list-style-type: none; margin: 1.6em 0px 1.6em 14px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 14px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">What is the problem? How does it affect your country?
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; background-position: 0px 5px; color: #000000; list-style-type: none; margin: 1.6em 0px 1.6em 14px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 14px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">What has your country done to combat the problem?
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; background-position: 0px 5px; color: #000000; list-style-type: none; margin: 1.6em 0px 1.6em 14px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 14px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">What are the various “sides” in the debate?
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; background-position: 0px 5px; color: #000000; list-style-type: none; margin: 1.6em 0px 1.6em 14px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 14px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Which aspects of the issue are most important to your country?
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; background-position: 0px 5px; color: #000000; list-style-type: none; margin: 1.6em 0px 1.6em 14px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 14px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">If your country is not involved with the issue, how can it become involved?
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; background-position: 0px 5px; color: #000000; list-style-type: none; margin: 1.6em 0px 1.6em 14px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 14px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">How will your country shape the debate at the conference?
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; background-position: 0px 5px; color: #000000; list-style-type: none; margin: 1.6em 0px 1.6em 14px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 14px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">What arguments will other countries make?
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; background-position: 0px 5px; color: #000000; list-style-type: none; margin: 1.6em 0px 1.6em 14px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 14px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">How do the positions of other countries affect your country’s position?
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; background-position: 0px 5px; color: #000000; list-style-type: none; margin: 1.6em 0px 1.6em 14px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 14px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Is there evidence or statistics that might help to back up your country’s position?

<span style="background-color: transparent; background-position: 0px 5px; color: #000000; list-style-type: none; margin: 1.6em 0px 1.6em 14px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 14px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">media type="custom" key="8293654"

<span style="background-color: transparent; background-position: 0px 5px; color: #000000; list-style-type: none; margin: 1.6em 0px 1.6em 14px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 14px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">media type="custom" key="8338562"

<span style="background-color: transparent; background-position: 0px 5px; color: #000000; line-height: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 1.6em 0px 1.6em 14px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 14px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">